Leadership in the Retail Industry

Introduction This paper is based on the topic of leadership in the retail industry. It seeks to explore the topic by looking at the importance of nurturing leadership. It also looks at the leadership approaches which young leaders should adopt for them to successfully lead contemporary organisations in the retail industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in the Retail Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is argued that leaders of the young generation need to adopt a leadership approach which is proactive and sensitive to the changes in the business environment in the retail industry. They also need to blend different leadership approaches because different situations call for different leadership styles or a combination of leadership styles. Challenge of Mobility of Workforce in the Retail Industry Young employees in the retail industry have faced the challenge of mobility for a long time. The reason why the young generation has faced the challenge of climbing the ladder of leadership is that it lacks the experience to lead. Many organisations in the retail industry need experienced leaders due to the volatility of the industry in terms of competition and adoption of new technology in business processes. When young people leave colleges or universities, they usually have the certificates but are not exposed to practical work. They therefore stay for a long time ranging from 10 to 15 years before they gain the necessary experience to work as leaders in organisations.  The current job market is also characterised by high turnover rates. As a result, many young people do not work for one organisation for a long time enough to qualify for promotion to leadership positions. The reason why they hop from an organisation to another is because they usually seek for good employment terms, especially good salaries to cater for the ever rising cost of living.  The other reason wh y young people face the mobility challenge is because many organisations in the retail industry do not invest in initiatives which promote employee retention. Retention refers to the activities done to ensure that once employees are employed, they remain in the same organisation permanently or for a long time. The main reason for retention is that the processes of recruitment and selection of employees are not only tedious but also costly and time consuming.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Retention is usually based on motivation theories such the human relations approach which is characterised by a shift from the scientific to the humanistic approach in the motivation of employees. The approach places more emphasis on the work environment and perceives employees as social beings with social, psychological, and financial needs. It also acknowledges that employees have the po tential of being creative in their work. The approach also values the synergy found in teamwork, the reasoning being that employees are able to come up with group norms and rules which govern their work. The approach also recognises the importance of employees interacting with their managers in a friendly way without fear of victimisation. When employees fear their managers, they tend to work with their bodies but their minds and hearts are usually far away (Fox 2009).  However, many organisations in the retail industry are managed using the scientific approach of management. This approach hinders upward mobility of young employees because the managers do not give the employees an opportunity to be creative and innovative. Instead, the managers view the employees as liabilities and as a result, they do not bother to invest in employee development because they believe that the compensation offered to employees is enough to keep them motivated. The managers and supervisors also trea t employees with contempt and they do not give them an opportunity to micromanage their work. Leadership Approaches to be adopted by Young Leaders Wart and Suino defined leadership as the ability of a person to influence other people to do things which they may not do without the influence (Wart Suino 2012). People with this ability are referred to as leaders and are found in different settings and contexts. In organisational context, leaders are responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling organisational functions and activities towards attainment of organisational goals and objectives (Sims 2007). In a book titled â€Å"management†, Schermerhorn defined management as the art of getting things done through people (Schermerhorn 2010). Many organisations have policies, procedures, and guidelines that govern the decision making process. Managers must understand how to get people do what they are supposed to do and know what exactly gets done, the results to be achie ved, and how best the results can be achieved in an efficient manner. Leadership forms the basis of success or failure of organisations because nothing can be accomplished with failed leadership and bad management. Employees in organisations need an effective leader to influence and marshal their efforts towards the achievement of a common goal. Being a leader means more than being a team leader.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in the Retail Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It involves getting things done and doing them well. It is a show of positive attitude and involves various aspects like influencing followers, commitment of individuals to goals, aiding group cohesion, and spearheading change in organisations. Leaders learn and adapt leadership styles which they feel may deal with diverse personalities and evolving situations. Some leaders have a combination of positive traits and attribu tes as their basis of leadership (Wart Suino 2012). Both leadership and management are essential for the success of organisations because they complement each other. Leadership attributes transform managers into leaders and by so doing; the managers discharge their duties in a flexible manner. Such managers also have the ability to create a cohesive organisational culture where employees’ loyalty and motivation are greatly enhanced. Trait Approach of Leadership Trait leadership is best suited for young leaders in the retail industry. In a book titled â€Å"The leadership experience†, Daft explained trait leadership as having to do with leaders acting upon leadership traits which they are born with (Daft 2008). The leadership style does not embrace the idea that leadership can be learned or acquired from experience but rather perceives leadership as a quality which people are born with. Trait leadership style therefore leads to realisation of excellent results because the leaders have leadership qualities at birth and are able to lead even without any formal training (Daft 2008). Trait leadership may inspire employees to become creative because trait oriented leaders are not mechanistic in their leadership but they understand the importance of allowing employees to micromanage their activities at the workplace so as to achieve their targets. When employees are given the permission to micromanage their work, they develop positive attitude towards work which makes them to work hard and attain good results. They are also able to change the rules governing their work and try new ways of doing things. By so doing, they are able to discover new approaches to their work. If for example employees who work as marketing agents are allowed to micromanage their work, they can recommend new types of products which they think are the best for customers (Gill 2011). Under the trait leadership approach, employees are able to focus on the end result and come up w ith their own ways of meeting the set targets and deadlines without failure. Since all organisational activities are undertaken in a timely manner, organisations are able to implement their projects with a high degree of success which leads to increased productivity. At the same time, employees like imitating the trait oriented leaders and as a result, they are ever focused on their role in their organisations which increases efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity (Northouse 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, trait leadership style has the potential of resulting to conflict of ideas in the workplace because trait oriented leaders may sometimes exhibit dictatorial traits which may create conflict due to their failure to consult other leaders or employees when making some important organisational decisions. The tendency of trait oriented leaders to believe that they know it all may sometimes work against them and lead to resistance to organisational change (Pearce Robinson 2011). How Trait, Participative and Contingency Approaches Blend Together Research in the field of leadership has shown that organisations in the retail industry may reap more benefits by blending various styles of leadership. In a book titled â€Å"Exploring leadership: individual, organisational, and societal perspectives†, Bolden, Hawkins Gosling argued that the blending of different leadership styles can lead to effective leadership. For instance, blending trait leadership principles with participat ive leadership may enhance employees’ leadership capabilities. Trait leadership principles when blended with transformational, transactional, and situational leadership styles may improve interpersonal skills of leaders. Furthermore, the styles can be blended to create a highly motivated workforce that can contribute positively towards the achievement of organisational goals (Bolden, Hawkins Gosling 2011). Trait leadership in particular may enable participative oriented leaders to have charisma which enables them to inspire the team members to realise good results. Contingency leadership style may enable participative leaders to change their leadership style depending on the situation and become more efficient and effective. Participative leadership may inspire teamwork because the style is about making everybody in organisations to participate in the process of moving the organisations forward (Bolden, Hawkins Gosling 2011). The participation is not only about the performa nce of duties but also about making decisions which affect the work being done. Since everybody is actively involved in organisational activities, the â€Å"big boss† syndrome is eliminated and replaced with a culture in which all members of organisations feel as part of a big team with a clear mission and vision to achieve. Employees also view each other as members of one family and for this reason; they do not hesitate to share their thoughts, ideas, challenges, and strengths with fellow employees (Bolden, Hawkins Gosling 2011).  The contingency approach may inspire a change of leadership depending on the situation because the style is based on the philosophy that organisations are unique and therefore, there is no general approach to leadership. The approach enables leaders to be flexible in their leadership and as a result, they are able to treat each situation differently which leads to enhanced success of activities undertaken by employees. The ability of the leaders to be flexible in their leadership style means that they are result oriented and not bound by procedures, rules or regulations but are free to change tact with the overall objective of meeting the set targets. Flexibility in leadership leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness making organisations to increase their productivity. Reference List Bolden, R, Hawkins, R Gosling, J 2011, Exploring leadership: individual, organisational, and societal perspectives, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Daft, R.L 2008, The leadership experience, Thomson/South-Western, Mason, OH. Fox, W. M 2009,The management process : an integrated functional approach, Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, N.C. Gill, R 2011, Leadership theory: A critical review, synthesis and redefinition, SAGE Publications Ltd, London. Northouse, P 2010, Leadership: theory and practice, Sage, S.l. Pearce, J Robinson, R. B 2011, Organisational structure. dans: strategic management: formulation, implementation and contro l, McGraw Hill, S.l. Schermerhorn, J 2010, Management, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. Sims, R 2007, Human resource management : contemporary issues, challenges and opportunities, Information Age Publishers, Greenwich, Conn. Wart, M.V Suino, P 2012, Leadership in public organisations: an introduction, Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y. This essay on Leadership in the Retail Industry was written and submitted by user Ronald Nunez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

60 Writing Topics for Extended Definitions

60 Writing Topics for Extended Definitions Simply put, a definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or phrase. An extended definition goes beyond what can be found in a dictionary,  offering an expanded analysis and illustration  of a concept that might be abstract, controversial, unfamiliar, or frequently misunderstood. Take, for example, writings such as William James Pragmatic Theory of Truth or John Bergers The Meaning of Home. Approaching the Abstract Abstract concepts, including many of the broad terms in the list that follows, need to be brought to earth with an example to relate what they mean to your reader and to get your point or opinion across. You could illustrate the concepts with anecdotes from your personal life or examples from the news or current events, or write an opinion piece.  Theres no single method for  developing  and  organizing  a paragraph or essay by extended definition. The 60 concepts listed here can be defined in various ways and from different points of view. Brainstorming and Prewriting Start with brainstorming your topic. If you work well with lists, write the word at the top of the paper and fill the rest of the page with all the things that the word makes you think of, feel, see, or even smell, without stopping. Its OK to go off on tangents, as you might find a surprising connection that could make a powerful, insightful, or even humorous essay. Alternatively, brainstorm by writing the word in the middle of your paper and connect other related words to it and each other. As you develop your angle, think about the concepts background, features, characteristics, and parts. What is the concepts opposite? What are its effects on you or others? Something in your list or word map will spark a writing idea or theme to use to illustrate the abstract concept, and then its off to the races. If you run into a dead end the first time, go back to your list and pick another idea. Its possible that your first draft turns out to be prewriting and leads to a better idea that can be developed further and can possibly even incorporate the prewriting exercise. Time spent writing is time spent exploring and is never wasted, as sometimes it takes a bit of pursuit to discover the perfect idea. If seeing examples will help spark your essay, take a look at Gifts, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Gore Vidals Definition of Prettiness, or A Definition of Pantomime, by Julian Barnes. 60 Topic Suggestions Looking for a place to start? Here are 60 words and phrases so broad that writings on them could be infinite: TrustKindnessSexismGumptionRacismSportsmanshipHonorModestySelf-assuranceHumilityDedicationSensitivityPeace of mindRespectAmbitionRight to privacyGenerosityLazinessCharismaCommon senseTeam playerMaturityIntegrityHealthy appetiteFrustrationOptimismSense of humorLiberalConservativeA good (or bad) teacher or professorPhysical fitnessFeminismA happy marriageTrue friendshipCourageCitizenshipSuccessA good (or bad) coachIntelligencePersonalityA good (or bad) roommatePolitical correctnessPeer pressureLeadershipPersistenceResponsibilityHuman rightsSophisticationSelf-respectHeroismThriftSlothVanityPrideBeautyGreedVirtueProgressA good (or bad) bossA good (or bad) parent

Qatar sporting legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qatar sporting legacy - Essay Example Qatar in a bid to bring out some probable strengths, weaknesses and challenges that characterize the Qatar environment in relation to hosting the FIFA 2022 World Cup. Political: The political aspect of PESTEL analysis evaluates the impact of government policy on a particular business undertaking. Sporting activities of the stature of the FIFA World Cup require the consideration of political stability primarily for security of both the players and the fans, and to ensure that the activities proceed with no interference. Qatar has enjoyed a rather stable political stability. Qatar gained independence from the British in 1976 and has not experienced any major political conflict from within or with the surrounding neighbors Saudi Arabia and Bahrain except for the coup attempt in 1996. The coup attempt surprisingly consolidated the government’s popularity after its failure (Cordesman 2007, p.148). The only political threat in Qatar is an uprising similar to the uprisings observed in the other Arab countries such as Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. Before the revolution, Libya was among the key contenders to host the African Cup of Nations 2012. The revolution made it impossible (Gonzalez 2008, p.36). Such an occurrence in Oman or even the probability of such an occurrence might drive away potential organizers of a sporting event and sports tourists for security reasons. Qatar is relatively a religious tolerant country in the region and this tolerance has drawn frowns from Muslim extremists in the regio n who might want to retaliate. In 2007, Qatar allowed for the construction of the first Christian, Hindu and Muslim Churches in the country. However, since 2007 the country has not faced major violent oppositions which imply that the country can still survive as a tolerant country in the midst of extremists. Currently, the government of Qatar has taken significant steps to market the country as a tourism destination and it is obvious that the government will welcome a move

55555 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

55555 - Assignment Example The expression provides a virtual picture with which any reader can relate with in an effort to gain better understanding of the qualities that appertain to Okonkwo (Achebe VII). The Ibo words used in by Chinua Achebe in his literally work provide a platform for effective research. Due to the unfamiliarity of the words, there is need for me to look up their meanings across relevant platforms. In the course of researching on the words, as a reader, I am able to gain precision in my command of language and be able to understand the provisions or the content in the reading. As I mentioned earlier, the use of images induces interest to me as the reader. The ability to relate the textual content of the reading and the pictorial expression of the same make reading easier and essentially informative. AS a reader, my aim is to be able to relate or establish a connection with the literally work. For such a connection to prevail, a deep understanding of the readings is mandatory. The images reinforce what I have read and give me a chance to see whatever is being explained in writing. For instance, when Chinua Achebe Talks of The Nok Civilization in Nigeria, it might not be possible to establish a mental visual of the same if a relevant image is not included. However, the integration of the sculpture that illustrates the Nok Civilization elicits interest in reading more about the matter at hand thus encouraging effective reading which is essential for any reader who wants to understand every aspect of specified readings. From my analysis of the of Chinua Achebe’s work, diction is a key and highly notable component of his writing. This is a key determinant of the dominant tone throughout the writing. Diction makes the tone of the Achebe’s writing familiar to the target audience. My textual analysis of the work is mainly based on

Glaser Health Products Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glaser Health Products - Coursework Example In most situations, these costs are part of recurrent expenditure treated as a liability in the company’s profitability index.In as much as production costs are characterized with a multiplier effect on the overall performance of the company, their increase in efficiency is always added to the value of production and increases the profitability of the firm.In order to trace various costs to activity groupings, arbitrary allocations of overheads to products, services, and consumers will be vital. At the first stage, there will be the derivation of the activity cost pool. These will consist of costs such as; material handling, procurement, and set-up. While the second stage will be made up of; costs per material movement, costs per purchase order, and costs per set-up.In primary stage cost drivers in relation to products, one needs to employ the use of activity drivers by assigning the activity costs to outputs on the basis of the consumption and demand for the outputs. All the outputs will be identified on the performance of an activity segment which consumes resources(Barrett, 2005). It is necessary to use preliminary and primary stage cost drivers because they aid in assigning resource costs to activities.This is done in three main ways which include; direct, indirect, and general/administrative costs. Direct costs consist of such costs that are traceable directly to one output such factory painting and repairs in the factory and other coats of production.

Experiments on Trusting Senses

Experiments on Trusting Senses The illusion of sight and sound This report examines what aspects of psychology can provide interactive and informative ways to provide an opportunity for the public to evaluate whether they can trust their senses. Focusing on vision and the illusion created by the human mind, also auditory perception, and the co-dependence on other senses, for example sight. 1: Introduction The minute decisions we make are based upon the information we gain from our senses. The human body depends on five senses, this report will focus on the individuals ability to see and hear. However, the way the human body processes information can trick the senses and the brain into not hearing sounds or seeing illusions. This report will outline some ways in which psychologists understanding of the senses may provide useful interactive tools to connect with the public and give an opportunity for self-discovery. 2: What are the senses? The senses are the bodies way of gaining information from the surrounding environment. The five senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, which has three individual aspects, feeling temperature, pain and pressure. These senses provide the body with information externally and internally. There is also proprioception, known as the sixth sense. This additional sense gives information as to where the body is in relation to the environment, for example where the different limbs are in correlation to the environment, the bodies need for food and drink, body awareness (Turner, Block4, 2015). 3: How the other four senses work? Our sense of taste is influenced by sight and smell, for instance cover your nose and eat with a blindfold on and some of your favourite foods may taste differently. The sense of taste is altered by personal experience, emotions are also tied to the bodies relationship to food and expectations of the taste and texture of a food (Turner, Block 4, 2015). Smell is based on experience, there are some smells many find unpleasant. However, when exposed to an odour repeatedly, the body learns to mask and ignore the scent, for instance a perfume can smell amazing or terrible, influenced completely by your attraction to the individual wearing it (Turner, Block 4, 2015). Touch is often influenced by subjective comparisons. Proprioception, awareness of environment, for example, feeling heat near the skin or cool air, touching hard or soft surfaces (Turner, Block 4, 2016). 3.1: Vision Sight is the most trusted of the senses, however what is seen by the individual is dependent on personal beliefs, levels of attention and perceptions. The human eye can only detect light in a faction of the range of the electromagnetic spectrum, to counter this shortcoming the individual builds an accurate internal representation of the surrounding environment. People rarely see what is occurring around them and often fill in the blanks with assumptions. For example, when being asked to describe the contents in a bedroom, the assumption is there was a bed there, even if we didnt see one (Turner, Block 4, 2015). 3.2: Auditory perception Hearing is often based on assumptions, for instance, having misheard what someone said, even when they speaking clearly or not noticing a repetitive sound until it is pointed out to you. A typical person hears less than a bat or elephant in terms of range of sound frequencies. People are constantly surrounded by sound and learn to filter out much of the environmental noise (Turner, Block 4, 2016). An individual can focus attention on areas of interest, for example, at a party, where many conversations are going on, yet the human ear only tunes in to the conversation of interest. 4: Interactive examples For the public to fully engage with the surrounding environment and to gain a clearer understanding about the human abilities and limitations of sight and sound, the suggestion of interactive visual illusions offers a good opportunity to evaluate whether they can trust their senses within a fun and relaxed way. Â   Â   Â   For example, this YouTube video which illustrates the individuals perception of length and distance. This optical illusion illustrates a three-dimensional perception, how the distance between lines and shapes cause the brain to perceive a size difference simply by altering lines. This illusion is also known as The Ponzo illusion, which favours the top-down process, simply put, the human brain decides on what is being perceived based on prior existing knowledge (Turner, Block 4, 2015). A suggested example for auditory senses, this video plays a distorted sentence, twice which allows the brain to begin existing prior information to help understand incoming information. The sentence will be played for a third time, when to the surprise of the individual the sentence is understandable. Usually the individual assumes the audio has been changed but once explained can help people draw attention to whether they can trust their senses or not. Also within the framework of this exhibition the language barrier and the possible decreased ability of some senses should be considered. A language option being provided before individuals begin the various tasks, maybe including a sign language option should be considered as to not exclude any members of the public from this learning experience. 5: Conclusion Discovering if the senses humans depend on can be trusted can be developed into an adventure of self-knowledge. Appling different techniques of visual optical illusions, problem solving activities which require minimal skills to complete and auditory illusion, the exhibition becomes interactive with the public and can continue to develop within a multi-cultural framework, however the exhibition should balance the many languages and sensory needs of all visitors to this exhibition. That a verbal and visual aid should be suggested along with language opinions. In conclusion, the evidence is persuasive that there are still many things to learn about human senses, however the individual senses working together seem to manage the important tasks of everyday life. On balance this exhibition will help to build a greater understanding of our own boundaries of self. Word Count: 1017 References An audio Illusion-Your Brain, [ Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tG9HSvNPVKQ (Accessed [ 20.03.2017]). Moving Illusions, [ Online]. Available at https://youtu.be/Iw8idyw_N6Q (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Auditory perception, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [Online].https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722section=3 (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 6:Developing your skills: report writing, DD210, Bock 4, Week 21, Conspiracy theories, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843725section=6 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner J., (2015) Making Sense of the world, in: Turner, J., Barker, M.J. (eds.) Living psychology: From the Everyday to the Extraordinary. (Book 2.) Milton Keynes, The Open University. Turner, J. (2016), section 2:You are plastic and so are your brains, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [ Online]. Available at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722 (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 4:Motion perception, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722section=4 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Perceiving things that arent there: pareidolia, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=3 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). The government minister may focus on the decrease of -14% from 2013-14 in Credit card identity theft. However, the opposing shadow minister could counter with data illustrating a decrease from 26,488 -15,420 in 2008-2011 when the shadow government were in place. However, the government minister could also suggest the data implies an increase from 15,420 24,078 in 2011-2012, before the initiatives were imposed and therefore implicating the shadow minsters government as being at fault. Overall from the public view point there is only 5.4% difference between the figure in 2008 and the figure presented in 2014, the data shows a steady decline during 2008-2011. However, during 2012 there was a shape increase of 8.658 incidents which increases again in 2013 and falls by -14% in 2014. The government minister May also focus on the overall decrease of 4% in 2013-14 in counterfeit fraud (cloned/skimmed cards). However, the shadow minister may wish to raise that in 2009 this area was at its lowest of 99,403 incidents and at its highest in 2013 with figures reaching 138,967 incidents and therefore there is no real decrease in occurrences as the initial figures suggest, in fact there is an increase of incidents after the measures were put in place by the present government minister. From the public view point in 2013 incidents increase by 25.964 taking the figure to 138.967 which then fell by -4% to 133.943, the two highest figures from 2008-2011 the data shows a strong decrease from 2008 -2009 dropping from 115,590 to 99,403, however, there is a steady increase from 2010-2012 the data showing that an additional 11.056 incidents occurred. Overall the data suggests that the measures and initiatives put in place by the government minster in this area have increased the le vel of incidents occurring. Data suggests that the area of remote/online purchase fraud has grown by 7% the shadow minister may well raise the evidence which shows a marked increase in incidents from 2012-2013 which is when the measures were imposed, there is a growth of 201.788 incidents occurring. And this figure increases again in 2014 by 7%. However, the government minister could suggest that the figures from 2013-2014 for credit card identity theft and counterfeit fraud (cloned/ skimmed cards) has a decrease of -18% collectively and therefore suggest more resources be directed towards remote/ online purchase fraud. The government minster could also argue that the data suggests from 2011-2012 there was an increase of 40.798 incidents which were before any measures were in place. However, the shadow minister can use the data to show that during 2008-2011 there was a decrease of incidents totalling 165.684. From the publics view point the area of remote/online purchase fraud has the highest incident rate across the data table. The data suggest the measures which were in place prior to 2013 show stronger impact across the data table. In 2009 column, there is a marked decrease in all areas in contrast with 2013 column after the measures were imposed there is a marked increased in all areas. The data table suggest the public are at more risk from fraud in 2013-2014 then in 2009. Word count: 523 Are lies more believable than the truth? As the title suggests the purpose of this short essay is to outline the research undertaken by psychologist into rumours and conspiracy theories and assess if the research findings favour or refute the idea that a lie is more believable than the truth. There is a traditional saying that A lie can get halfway round the world before the truth has its boots on, It can be argued that rumours create conspiracy theories and just like a pebble in the pond creates more ripples, more rumours can enable a collective cycle of mutual reinforcement. For instances, Procter et al., observed media reports and the social media engine Twitter during the English riots of August 2011, this allowed for an opportunity to study how rumours begin and grow over the course of an event. Byford, (Block 4, 2016), suggests that close to 2.6million tweets were posted during and shortly after the events, carrying a hashtag pertaining to the riots and occurring events. The purpose of Procter et al., 2013 observation was to gain insight into specifically tweets which make claims and counter claims about unfolding events, but lack the evidence to refute or support the claims. This information can then be used to clearly demonstrate the difference between rumour and factual tweets. Byford, (Block 4, 2016) suggests the study results showed a pattern, a cycle of a rumour beginning to spread via a tweet being shared by others, before being flagged and questioned for rationale, evidence or support. This then began the cycle of a few people questioning the many and this would then become a debate, which leads to the tweet being slowly ignored and no longer shared, as the rationale or lack of clear evidence being shown discouraged believability. However, the findings of this study also showed that a false tweet spread faster than the subsequent debate or conclusion of its falsehood. Procter et al., 2013, p. 204 uses the rumour of rioters attacking Birmingham childrens hospital to illustrate the speed in which false tweets are shared in comparison to rebuttals. This analogy suggests the rumours travel three times as fast as the explanation provided by the police at that time, clearly rebutting the false rumour. The cycle was the same it took longer for the falsehood t o be refuted and disregarded. Procter et al., (Block 4, 2013), also noted individuals arriving late to the conversations showed a preference for the original false tweet rather than the debate or rebuttal, this action may suggest that the debate and rebuttal are somewhat ignored. In conclusion, many conspiracy theories continue with strong momentum simply because there is no clear unrefutably solid evidence provided, which only adds to the collective cycle of mutual reinforcement as there have been some Conspiracy theories found to be factual for example, Security services in the USA and Europe monitoring communications and terrorists conspiring to carry out the 9/11 attacks, However, as many if not more conspiracy theories are shown to be faulted. The strength of social media to do good and harm plays out mostly with rumour and fact. As the research suggests lies do travel faster than the truth. Word count:532 References Byford, J., (2015) Conspiracy theories, in: Turner, J., Barker, M.J. (eds.) Living psychology: From the Everyday to the Extraordinary. (Book 2.) Milton Keynes, The Open University. Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Conspiracy theories as stories, DD210, Bock 4, Week 21, Conspiracy theories, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843725section=3 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 7:Developing your skills: numeric data and statistics in psychology and everyday life, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=7 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 6: Focus on methods: risk, randomness and probability, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=6 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 4:Heuristics and biases: health and safety, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=4 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Procter, R, Vis, F, Voss, A 2013,Reading the riots on Twitter: methodological innovation for the analysis of big data, International Journal of Social Research methodology, 16,3, pp. 197-214 [ online]. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.774172 (Accessed [ 21.03.17])

Apache Indians :: essays research papers

Anthropology Paper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apache Indians   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper you will read about the many ways that the Apache Indians used different ways of technology to survive in there environment. They used many different farming tools in which helped them to grow crops and gather berries. As the years went on the Apache hunters hunted with bows and arrows and as the years went on and how they trade with other tribes and people they had adopted guns. So in this reading you will be reading about different types of tools that the Apache Indians used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Apache Indians used many tools throughout the years as they got more involved with technology. When they wanted to plant or to crush the seeds that they have gathered they used a seed beater that was made of twined openwork baketry (Taylor 56). To store or to place any berries that they have gathered they had this coiled basket that they made in order to cook in or to store food. Since some Apache tribes lived in the forests and well-watered valleys the mainly depended on berries and hunting deer and antelope they had many ways that they could kill and gather the foods. To cut the berries from the branches the Apacheans used a knife the is in the center of a wooden stick which they would sharpen in with a smoothed groove stone. With the adoption of horses was a great discovery because it made hunting and carrying the goods much easier (Taylor 55).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also the Apache Indians had many tools that the used when they were on the hunt for food. They had a war club with also was made for war and hunting was made out of a stone head which was wrapped in buckskin on a wooden handle. They also used the common bow and arrow to hunt with as well. To cook the food that they had gathered the made the rope twister which was made out of small pieces of wood that had small rope attached to them, and to start the fire they moved the rope back and forth so that the wood would get hot and start to burn. (Taylor 56). To separate the meat form the skin of the animal they had this small tool called the hide scraper which had a steel tip on the top of it and had a wooden handle.

Anthem and Farenheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem Comparison Essay When a person is entrapped within a society that dictates their behaviour, thoughts, and opinions they are unable to grasp the realization of their societies corrupt nature. However, there is always the odd individual who willing and capable of uncovering the truth of their society. In the novels Anthem by Ayn Rand, and Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury the main characters of the novels were able to find truth by, forming friendships that are banned by their societies, rebelling against the grain of society to gain knowledge or form ideas, and finding flaws within their societies. Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery because they find the courage to escape. When one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society by forming friendships that are banned it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. For instance, Montag a character form the novel Fahrenheit 451. In the society that he lived in, any types of reading material was considered forbidden. Those who took it upon themselves to embrace the reading material were considered to be just as harmful as the material itself, because it lead people to believe â€Å"all the false promises, all the second-hand notions and time worn philosophies† that people had (Bradbury, 76). However, Montag intentially befriended an elderly man named Faber, who in his younger days, before the revolution, was an English professor. Montag know that Faber was knowledgeable in literature, but he became his friend regardless of this fact because he was curious of the forbidden treasures that his society kept from him. On the other hand Faber was aware of the glorious preachings, concepts, and ideas that literature held, and he was also aware of the error his society was making when it decided to eliminate reading material during its transformation. Although he was conscious of the valuable information that would be lost Faber did not speak out or fight against this decision, in turn he lost one of the most valuable things in his life: â€Å"I’m one of the innocents who could have spoken up and out when no would listen to the ‘guilty,’ but I did not speak and thus became guilty myself†¦ Now it’s too late† (Bradbury, 82). Faber’s misfortune friendship and his non-existent initiative to fight for literature inspired Montag to discover his true self, and his own beliefs that lead him to flee form his society in order to end up regretting the fact that he did not protest for his right to knowledge. Thus showing that by Montag forming a friendship that was not excepted by his society he found the courage to escape. A second example of one finding enough courage to escape a controlling society, because of a banned friendship is Equality 7-2521 of the novel Anthem. In the society in which Equality 7-2521 lives feelings and emotions that one may have towards another are forbidden, because it makes that individual different and unique from others within a society where everyone is to be considered equal. Although this is a main law Equality finds himself being drawn to a young girl by the name of Liberty 7-2000. With his new found attraction Equality 7-2521 reaches out to the girl in hopes of grasping a relationship, and this is exactly what he achieves. The relationship between Equaulity 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 helped him discover his true self. It made him realize that he was able to have love for someone else and that there was nothing wrong or improper about the feelings that he was experiencing and that this was not curse but an advantage, one that have him an individual. Equality’s self discovery, gave him the gallantry to escape form his society, because it made him recognize how corrupt and controlling his society was and it also made him realize that the only way he would ever truly be happy is if he were free. Both characters with in the novels Anthem, and Fahrenheit 451 discovered themselves by forming friendships that were not excepted in their society, an din both cases they gained enough courage to escape. Montag’s friendship with Faber inspired Montag to escape and realize his true self only because he was afraid to become what Faber was; a coward, not willing to fight for his beliefs. In contrast, the friendship that Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 shared inspired Equality to discover his self, and escape, because he was different and enjoyed being unique from the rest of his society. This shows that although both characters were inspired by friendships, the reasons for their actions, and their self-discovery were different. Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. A second factor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling by rebelling against the grain of society to form ideas or gain knowledge it leads to self revelation and it gives them the courage to escape. A good example of this is Equality 7-2521. In the novel Anthem Equality seeks and finds truth in his society by discovering a source of energy. The process of Equality’s discovery was very long and strenuous and it consisted of disobeying the rules that were set, on many given nights in order to sneak away and work in his secretive tunnel on his invention. Because of what his society preached, he instilled in his thoughts that he was, â€Å"born with a curse† (Rand, 13). Equality 7-2521 believed this because he was curious about the nature of things and broke rules to explore the world in which he lived. However, when he discovered that he was able to produce a light from a source other than a candle his thoughts and opinions towards himself and his society changed. His society did not want to recognize or accept the new energy that he discovered. The society’s ignorant towards Equality 7-2521’s discovery, that could have changed the way that the society lived and worked angered him. In result it made him discover that he was a unique individual that had thoughts that were far more indepth and surpassed the thoughts of others he was surrounded by. Equality 7-2521’s search to gain knowledge helped him build the strength to escape the controlling society that he lived in because he realized that it and the individuals that it contained were just holding him back form discovering his true self and environment further. Equality 7-2521 sought truth within his society by rebelling against it and forming a new idea and that gave him the strength to escape. In addition, Montag from the novel Fahrenheit 451 was also in search of truth and did so by rebelling against his society and gaining knowledge that resulted in courage to brake free. In the society of this novel people were restrained form reading literature, and to ensure that this law was not broken. It was the job of firefighters to burn and destroy all reading materials. Montag was a perfect example of a firefighter he ignighted books to ensure that the evil teachings that they held would never by absorbed by people of his society, until his curiosity overtook him: â€Å"there must be something in books, things we can’t imagine,†¦ there must be something there† (Bradbury, 51). This interest Montag had in hat his society withheld from it’s people soon overwhelmed him and he found himself rebelling by secretly recovering and protecting book form homes that were being destroyed because of the literature that they contained; â€Å"Montag felt the hidden book pound like a heart against his chest’’ (Bradbury, 39). Not only did Montag rebel by stealing books, but he embraced the knowledge inside. The wisdom that he acquired f rom these sources of knowledge lead him to self-discovery, because he realized the corrupt nature of his society. His society was so corrupt that he no longer wanted to take part and inhibit people form opening and expanding their minds. Montag’s self discovery is evident when â€Å"suddenly the odor of kerosene made him vomit,† although it was once such a great smell that only a true firefighter could love, and he could no longer fulfill his job as a firefighter and be happy (Bradbury, 49). Montag’s new found knowledge gave him the courage to escape because he recognized that if he stayed and continued to be controlled by his society that he would never be able to spread the knowledge and wisdom that he had gained. Both Equality 7-2521 and Montag rebelled within their society’s and in result formed ideas or captured some form of wisdom. Furthermore, both discovered themselves and recognized from their discovery that they needed to break free form their society in order to have freedom and the will to share their advanced knowledge and ideas. Montag and Equality 7-2521 both made discoveries that could have and would have changed the way their society’s functioned and thought. Although, what Montag realized had been recognized by individuals in his society before in contrast to Equality’s newly discovered light source that was unknown to his society. Therefore proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society, it leads to self-discovery, because it gives them the courage to escape. The last factor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one presues truth within the confines of a manipulating society by finding flaws within, it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. An example of this is Equality 7-2521. The society that he lived in is very narrow minded and believes that conformity is essential in order for all to be content. Their Motto: â€Å"We are one in all and all in one. There are no men but only the great WE, one, indivisible and forever,† is the basis of their ethics, and suppresses them form leading a typical lifestyle. No one within the society of the novel Anthem was permitted to have thoughts, pinions, or ideas of their own. Equality 7-2521 was silenced by the conformity that his society had. Finally he came to the realization that his society’s flaw was depriving him and others of their individuality. This realization gave Equality 7-2521 a better understanding of himself. Him recognizing his society’s flaw gave him the bravery to escape, because he realized that his society would never learn from it mistakes and frailties, and that he needed to take action in order to provide a better and more fulfilling life for himself and others. Therefore, Equality 7-2521 investigation for truth within his society led him to the realization of flaws that it contained, and gave him the courage to escape. In comparison, in the novel Fahrenheit 451 Montag uncovers imperfections within his society, that directed him to discover himself, because it gave him the courage to retreat. The society that Montag lives in confines the population by restraining them from any sort of reading material, in fear that the material will cause people to become unhappy, depressed, or angry, with the information that it consists of: â€Å"We stand against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflicting theory and thought†¦ Don’t let the torrent of melancholy and drear philosophy drown our world† (Bradbury, 62). This quotation proves that this society believes that it is truly making people happy by holding back, and not allowing them to have opinions and thoughts of their own, basically controlling them. Not only does the society of the novel control people by making it known that they can not enjoy the pleasure, and benefits of reading, but they also control them with parlor walls, which are giant televisions that take up an entire living room wall. These walls â€Å"tell you what to think and blasts it in. It must be right. It seems so right. It rushes you on so quickly to its own conclusions your mind hasn’t time to protest† (Bradbury, 84). Montag realizes that this is his society’s major fault, and the reason that they are in desperate attempts of controlling everyone is because they believe and want everyone to be alike: â€Å"We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitutions says, but everyone made equal† (Bradbury, 58). Montag’s recognition of his society’s flaw leads him to self-discovery ecause he realizes exactly what his society is doing, and knows that it is not mentally healthy for any individual. Montag breaks free of his society by escaping, because he yearns for the knowledge and independency that his society refuses to provide and except. Both characters apprehend that their society’s have major obstacles that they have to overcome before it could ever become a well functioning and productive society with well functioning individuals. They also escape the societies, because they realize that nothing will ever be done about the blunders that they hold. Furthermore, both Montag, and Equality 7-2521 conceive when free from their past societies that they want to take action, and establish a society of their own. Both societies in the two novels Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem find ways of controlling the humanity that it with hold by molding them into what them want them to be. Thus and thus proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape.

How to Hook your Audience with a Presentation on Orientalism in 19th Century Art

How to Hook your Audience with a Presentation on Orientalism in 19th Century Art Art is definitely one of the most interesting topics to either discuss or write about and this is due to its subject matter and the creativity that goes into any art form. Therefore, join us in the the world of art as we proceed to discover orientalism and its effect on 19th century art while dropping tips and hints on how to write a captivating article about the artworks of a captivating era. One Ring Rules Them All Fans of Lord of the rings know that having an understanding of the master ring gives you knowledge a power over other rings. Also, a thorough understanding of the orients, what orientalism means is the one ring needed to understand the Wests fascination with the East and how its culture had motivated an entire continents artistic force. Therefore, before writing on orientalist art of the 19th century, it is advised that you seek knowledge on all things related to orientalism for this will aid your choice of a captivating topic and your writing style. Sound out Topic Names Once you become a guru in orientalism, the next step is trying out headlines that you believe would capture a readers attention. We advise taking a trip to a full length mirror and speaking out the topic names that spring to mind.   Topics like; Orientalist Art and 19th Century Romanticism. Eroticism, Oriental Women and 19th Century Art will definitely pop into your mind. As for the less adventurous, an online search will provide you with the information you require on orientalism and 19th century art. You can also check our list for some inspiration. Create a Checklist The points, facts and statistics are quite much for the topic spans a hundred years. So its imperative that you create a personal list of interesting facts and figures to include in your presentation. These facts shouldnt be the boring stuff about how orientalism took over Europe, started or who started it. Examples of the facts to focus on are the famous artist of the 19th century and their sources of, the painters fascination with both Eastern women and the harems etc. If its a powerpoint presentation, then you can do no wrong by including some famous artworks by Jean-Louis Gerome, Delacroix and the big names of the 19th century as well as explain what their real influences were when painting these images. If well arranged, this should get a laugh or two from your audience. Tell the True Story Orientalism in 19th century art and the reason or influences behind these artworks will definitely spice up your presentation and would appeal to anyone who is interested in history. Therefore including the political, financial and propagandistic driving forces behind the orientalist art is a sure way to keep an audience interested in events that occurred 200 years ago. To top it off, you could draw parallels on how social media and mainstream media platforms of today can be used to sway public opinions while drawing parallels to orientalist art and the movements it inspired. Drop the Mic For the unhip crowd, dropping the mic is synonymous to signing out with a flourish. And for those who love to showboat or the feeling of reverence directed towards them, you should consider a mind-shattering conclusion that would leave your audience wanting more. You could touch on sensitive topics like the objectification of women, racism and how it made exploitation morally right or how religion has played a role in subduing divergent cultures. You could also play devils advocate by discussing the need to either scrap orientalist art, change the way it is discussed in educational circles or why it is important for Europe to formally apologise to the people of the Orients. One of these conclusions will definitely raise some eyebrows and earn you more grade points. Here is where we come to the end of today’s expose on how to write a presentation on Orientalism in 19th century art. I know you agree that these are cool points. So why not open your laptop and get started with your own presentation immediately? If you don’t know how to approach this intricate task still, then try checking additional material. Here you may find our 10 facts on orientalism in the 19th century for presentation as well as our 20 selected topics to give you a good outlook.

German Beer Essay Essays

German Beer Essay Essays German Beer Essay Essay German Beer Essay Essay 1. 0 Introduction Beer is an vastly popular drink. but it is one that is associated with a peculiar state. German beer in fact is seen as the male monarch of all beers. Around the universe. Germany’s beer is one of the most well-thought-of assortments. in portion due to the rigorous statute law that governs brewing. but besides because it seems that the German people take great strivings to brew a good beer. It is customary and portion of their societal construction. The bulk of people in Germany socialise in saloon. unlike the United States where bars and non as popular. Although people go out to bars. the societal construction in the U. S. is non contributing to alcohol. peculiarly in today’s society where imbibing is shunned to an extent. That is non the instance in Germany. German beer gustatory sensations good. but a pupil composing on this topic has to understand that beer is non merely a drink. but a portion of German civilization. People frequent saloon in Germany and while that happens across the universe. it seems that in Germany. the local saloon is really important to the civilization of the people. While Germany non merely services beer–it makes it–the figure of breweries is non so fecund anymore. When compared with the United States today. there are less German breweries. In fact. the sum of U. S. breweries had exceeded that of Germany. even though Germany is the state with the stronger brewing tradition ( Carroll. Swaminathan A ; Anand. 2000 ) . Still. Germany boasts the highest per capita ingestion of beer ( 2000 ) . In 1997. Germany claimed 1. 234 ( 2000. p. 714 ) breweries. By 1999. the figure of American breweries had increased to 1. 414 ( 2000. p. 714 ) . While that is the instance. Germany continues to brew its beer under German jurisprudence and with a tradition that is consistent with its heritage. : 2. 0 A Short History of German Beer Beer has been a portion of the diet for centuries at all degrees of society ( â€Å"German Beer. † 2002 ) . In other words. beer transcends societal boundaries and categories. In Germany. beer is regulated by governments and it is an of import beginning of revenue enhancement gross ( 2002 ) . Beer was foremost regulated in Augsburg but when bars would function bad beer. or dishonest sums. and would be fined ( 2002 ) . Again. beer has been around for centuries. but the oldest grounds available that demonstrates beer was brewed in Germany is about 800BC ( 2002 ) . 3. 0 How German Beer is Made. 3. 1 Brewing beer and the jurisprudence The most celebrated brewing jurisprudence is called the Reinheitsgebot and besides. the â€Å"Purity Law† is the oldest nutrient ordinance ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the jurisprudence. beer should merely be brewed from H2O. hops and barley ( 2002 ) . Today. barm is used every bit good and in fact viewed as a critical ingredient ( 2002 ) . When the jurisprudence was written. the effects of barm were merely unknown ( 2002 ) . When barm was foremost used. beer makers would merely utilize the barm that was found in the air ( 2002 ) . The Reinheitsgebot still affects brewing in Germany today ( 2002 ) . A pupil composing on this topic will desire to compare German beer to American beer in order to foreground the importance of the regulations in Germany. It is basically what makes German beer so good. In add-on to the ordinary ingredients. Miller beer contains maize and Anheuser-Busch’s assortments include rice ( â€Å"Brew-ha-ha. † 1997 ) . The beers are viewed by German beer makers as replacements for native brews ( 1997 ) . A pupil composing on this topic will desire to indicate out that German beer is by and large seen as a superior brew. 3. 2 Who participates in the brewing of beer? During the earliest centuries. brewing was considered to be women’s work and it was non until the first millenary that others took up the undertaking ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . Monks were peculiarly interested in making so. something that likely lead to the myth that Brabant King Gambrinus really invented beer ( 2002 ) . The monastics did non brew the beer for their ain benefit. but alternatively sold the beer as they were given the right to market it ( 2002 ) . Brewing beer grew to be a respectable profession ( 2002 ) . A pupil composing on this topic might desire to observe that while it was a profession at the clip. today’s beers are by and large made by big companies. It has been proven that the production of good quality beer demanded certain temperatures. but temperatures at the clip prior to infrigidation were merely available during the winter ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . The innovation of infrigidation made it possible and did let for beer to be brewed twelvemonth unit of ammunition ( 2002 ) . Another of import development was the find of micro-organisms and after that. the scientific discipline of the agitation procedure had eventually been established ( 2002 ) . 4. 0 Location: Where the Beer is Made With the addition in exports. Germany developed universe celebrated beer metropoliss by the clip the 1300s rolled about ; Bremen had been the center for beer exports to England. Holland and Scandinavia ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . Hamburg had been the brewery of the Hanse but By 1500 there had been approximately 600 breweries at that place entirely ( 2002 ) . The Hanse exported beer and some clients were as far off as India ( 2002 ) . Braunschweig and Einbeck is aligned with bock beer and they are besides considered of import beer metropoliss ( 2002 ) . Munich is an of import metropolis for beer and the venue where Spaten beer is made. Of class. German beer is found in Germany. but due to its repute. it is a major export. Other states. such as the United States. have embraced German beer as a good quality beer and function it with pride. In fact. Reno Air had begun to offer Gordon Biersche Marzen laager. which is a premium German-style beer. on its flights ( â€Å"Have a. † 1998 ) . The new beer is served to supply a higher degree of in-flight merchandise and the air hose has used the German beer to separate itself as a low-fare air hose with quality merchandises ( 1998 ) . Although most German beers are made in Germany. German brewing workss have been brought to the United States. The Acadian Brewing Company creates a light colored traditional German beer that is called Acadian Helles Bock and is made in New Orleans ( Slaton. 1997 ) . Acadian expanded in 1996 and began to bottle its Pilsner and Vienna amber beers ( 1997 ) . 5. 0 Types of Beer 5. 1 German Beers Spaten beers have been brewed for 600 old ages. and used a procedure that made the beer good and world-famous ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . Spaten beer had been made in Munich and it is thought by many that the beer is the best because no other beer is purer or more natural in gustatory sensation ( 2002 ) . It seems that Fa? bier draught beer is Germany’s favourite drink as 73 % of respondents buy a draught beer before a bottled beer ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . The beer is by and large served cool and fresh. with a good caput of froth. and it should hold a pleasant gustatory sensation every bit good ( 2002 ) . While German beers are similar in that they are made in the same manner. a pupil composing on this topic will desire to indicate out that beers made in other parts of the universe have more leeway. The ground other venues should be named. and other beers discussed. is for comparing intents. In the planetary economic system. all types of beer should be evaluated in visible radiation of the popularity and quality of German beer. 5. 2 U. S. Beers U. S. beer brewing has risen and the endurance of specializer breweries corresponds to assume gap of merchandise infinite which is created by consolidation among big breweries ( Carroll. Swaminathan A ; Anand. 2000 ) . In regard to U. S. beer. person noted that there is small difference between the large beer makers as it is all generic ( 2000 ) . One beer maker called the generic type an ‘industrial beer’ something that has become a blight on the beer universe ( 2000 ) . Such brewing constitutions decided to brew paler. more tasteless beers. like high intoxicant ‘malt spiritss. ’ ‘dry beers’ and ‘ice beers ‘ ( 2000 ) . 6. 0 Demographics It seems that about everyone drinks beer. When closed away from the emphasis of day-to-day life. friends. co-workers and neighbours meet and speak about a host of things with a glass of beer ( â€Å"German beer. † 2002 ) . About 78 % ( 2002. p. PG ) of German citizens visit their local saloons and see it as their most enjoyable activity. Near to every other German has a â€Å"Lieblingslokal† or a favourite topographic point where the host might be a friend and where one feels comfortable ( 2002 ) . Some German saloons are decorated with pastoral or countrified ornaments ( 2002 ) . About 54 % ( 2002. p. PG ) of Germans feel content in an ordinary saloon. but 31 % ( 2002. p. PG ) are more comfy traveling to a eating house to imbibe. Other topographic points such as outdoor or cultural eating houses. coffeehouse or pastoral saloons have a good trade of people. 7. 0 Conclusion Beer is a basic around the universe. but has a particular association with Germany. Germany is known for its beer. It is a state where much beer is consumed and although the United States has increased its production of beer. the beer produced in the U. S. is unquestionably weaker and non every bit good. The ground is because beer in the United States uses fillers. Although the United States embraces beer as a societal drink and it is found at athleticss events and parties. it does non compare with the societal value it has in Europe. By and big. German beer is the best. Beer is portion of German civilization and it is seen as a basic to a people who have grown up with the really best beer. Mentions Brew-ha-ha. ( 1997. September 27 ) . Economist. 344 ( 8036 ) . 97-98. Carroll. G. R. A ; Swaminathan. A. ( 2000 ) . Why the Microbrewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the U. S†¦ . American Journal of Sociology. 106 ( 3 ) . 715-761. German Beer-History. 2002. [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. oldworld. ws/okbeerhist. hypertext markup language Have a beer. ( 1998 ) . Air Transport World. 35 ( 5 ) . 88. Slaton. J. ( 1997 ) . German brew is the latest in Acadian’s turning line. New Orleans CityBusiness. 17 ( 34 ) . 6-7. Note: PG refers to folio of electronic beginnings.

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

International Finance - Essay Example When used in a data set of 7 major currencies in the post-Bretton Woods age, the JLR test offers strong and credible evidence in support of a unitary cointegrating vector in between forward and corresponding future spot rates. However, the orthogonality condition is met only for 3 major currencies. According to the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis (FRUH), â€Å"under conditions of risk neutrality and rational expectations on the part of market agents, the forward rate is an unbiased predictor of the corresponding future spot rate†. Assuming the absence of a risk premium in the foreign exchange market, it must hold true that Johansen (1992) puts forward a maximum likelihood technique to establish the number of common trends in a system of unit-root variables. Without any generality being lost, a p -dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) process of k -th order can be written as: To test the hypothesis in (6), it suffices to test that the smallest of the characteristic roots of ÃŽ   is zero, as a rejection necessarily implies that all characteristic roots of ÃŽ   are nonzero and therefore ÃŽ   possesses full rank. Such a test can be constructed on the basis of the following test statistic, referred to as the Johansen likelihood ratio (JLR) test statistic: The paper analyzed U.S. dollar spot and 90-day forward rates for 8 major currencies: Canadian dollar (CD), Deutsche mark (DM), British pound (BP), French franc (FF), Swiss franc (SF), Netherlands guilder (NG), and the Italian lira (IL). The sample period is from 1974:3 to 1996:4 at a quarterly frequency. Since the maturity date of the forward contract and the sampling frequency are similar, problems emanating from the use of overlapping data are bypassed. The 90-day forward rates are matched with the corresponding future spot rates and

Impact on management science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Impact on management science - Essay Example To answer this question it is necessary to examine the nature of HRM and its role in strategic organizational development and planning. Whilst top management must always accept the need for innovation there is still the decision as to which opportunities it wishes to develop in relation to its resources and those it chooses not to pursue. An effective business strategy depends upon the successful management of opportunities and coordination of HR in order to create a competitive advantage. Taking into account that HRM is not an independent part of business, it is possible to assume that HRM is a strategic activity aimed to respond effectively to changes and business transformations. The basis strategic HRM is that every manager is given a clear idea of the results expected. The human resources function is now highly specialized and perhaps can be said to be at the centre of conflict between labour and capital. They in effect operate on the 'boundary' between the workforce and the organization. Human resource management is that part of the process of management that is concerned with the maintenance of human relationships and ensuring the physical well-being of employees so that they give the maximum contribution to efficient working. It is obviously closely related to the management process as a whole and each functional manager and supervisor applies the principles effectively. Departmental managers, by effective leadership, ensure human resources policy is adhered to and department activities are successfully carried out. Michael Armstrong (2003) proposes the following definition of HRM: " the concept of HRM could be regarded as a philosophy governing how employees should be treated in the interests of the organization. But this philosophy can be applied in many different ways and there is no single model which can be used to describe HRM (p 23)" A logical approach to the consideration of this function is to look first of all at the problem of overall company organization and manpower planning, then the operations necessary to implement the plan, that is, recruitment and selection, training and development, and wage and salary administration. Other aspects of human resource management include industrial relations and the law of employment, welfare and safety, and other employee services. The importance is that the process of HRM is extremely important and continues to advance rapidly and change becomes imperative. When an organization develops a highly committed work force, coupled with enlightened management, its self-managed multifunction teams will be able to take on the challenges of the future (Price, 2004). Driven Forces of Strategic Intent to Planning Social Change as a Driven Force of Strategic Intent in HRM Social change creates new HR policies and training needs. For example, as more people travel abroad and experience the high levels of customer service in North America and the Far East they become more demanding in their expectations for customer service at home. As a further example, in society women's right to occupy jobs at the highest levels in companies and institutions. Both these examples indicate the need for HR training, the first in customer care skills and the second in management skills for women. In this situation, training is a strategic tool of the entire organization realized